One of the challenges of aerial imagery, whether from an airplane or a satellite, is making sense of what you see. What is that image telling you? Ceres Imaging, a California startup with offices in Nebraska and Washington, is using artificial intelligence to answer that question. The company is entering its ninth crop season of providing high-resolution crop imagery for customers. However, John Bourne, vice president of marketing, Ceres Imaging, says the company wanted to work on ways to "productize" the good science it was developing, so three years ago it brought artificial intelligence technology to irrigation issue identification.

On the Sunday morning after the weather cleared, a pair of NASA researchers loaded onto a small plane at the Mammoth Yosemite Airport, a single-runway operation that stretches out before the pyramid peak of Mount Morrison. After final safety checks, the pilots lifted off, marking the Airborne Snow Observatory's inaugural flight of the season. The ASO is a twin-turboprop Beechcraft King Air 90, equipped with a pair of sensors pointing through a glass cutout on the bottom of the plane. The lidar measures the volume of the mountain snowpack while a spectrometer gauges its reflectivity, together providing a highly accurate estimate of how much water will run off the mountain in the spring and when it will flow through California's warren of dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts. The data allows water authorities to more carefully manage the water charging hydroelectric power plants, feeding towns and cities, and nourishing one of the United States' most productive agricultural regions.